ΒιΆΉΣ³»΄«Γ½ researchers have developed a way to control the speed of pulses of light. Not only can they speed up a pulse of light and slow it down, they can also make it travel backward.
The results were published recently in the journal . The achievement is groundbreaking, but the study authors caution that the findings do not violate Einsteinβs theory of special relativity that says the speed of light is constant.
The pulses comprise many colors, or wavelengths, each of which travels at the speed of light, but when combined produce a pulse whose peak travels at any desired speed, known as the group velocity. Such a pulse can be useful in many applications, such as helping to control the flow of information, but cannot transmit information at a speed higher than that of light.
This achievement is a major step in research that could one day lead to more efficient optical communication, as the technique could be used to alleviate data congestion and prevent information loss. And with more and and data transfer rates becoming higher, this sort of control will be necessary.
Previous attempts at controlling the speed of light have included passing light through various materials to adjust its speed. The new technique, however, allows the speed to be adjusted for the first time in the open, without using any pass-through material to speed it up or slow it down.
βThis is the first clear demonstration of controlling the speed of a pulse light in free space,β said study co-author Ayman Abouraddy, a professor of optics. βAnd it opens up doors for many applications, an optical buffer being just one of them, but most importantly itβs done in a simple way, thatβs repeatable and reliable.β
Abouraddy and study co-author Esat Kondakci β15 demonstrated they could speed a pulse of light up to 30 times the speed of light, slow it down to half the speed of light, and also make the pulse travel backward.
The researchers were able to develop the technique by using a special device known as a spatial light modulator to mix the space and time properties of light, thereby allowing them to control the group velocity of the pulse of light, which is roughly the speed at which the peak of the pulse travels. The mixing of the two properties was key to the techniqueβs success.
βWeβre able to control the speed of the pulse by going into the pulse itself and reorganizing its energy such that its space and time degrees of freedom are mixed in with each other,β Abouraddy said.
βWeβre very happy with these results, and weβre very hopeful itβs just the starting point of future research,β he said.
Kondakci earned a PhD in optics and photonics from ΒιΆΉΣ³»΄«Γ½. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at ΒιΆΉΣ³»΄«Γ½ before moving to Purdue University where he is also a postdoctoral research fellow.
Abouraddy received his doctorate in electrical engineering from Boston University and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He joined ΒιΆΉΣ³»΄«Γ½ in 2008.
The research was supported with funding from the U.S. Office of Naval Research.
